University of Central Florida (UCF) ZOO3744 Neurobiology Practice Exam 2

Question: 1 / 400

Which ion primarily influences the synaptic release of neurotransmitters?

Sodium ions (Na⁺)

Calcium ions (Ca²⁺)

The primary ion that influences the synaptic release of neurotransmitters is calcium ions (Ca²⁺). When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a neuron, voltage-gated calcium channels open, allowing Ca²⁺ to flow into the neuron. This influx of calcium is crucial because it triggers a series of events leading to the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. As these vesicles merge with the membrane, they release their contents—neurotransmitters—into the synaptic cleft through exocytosis.

Calcium ions act as a signaling molecule in this process; without their entry into the neuron, the synaptic release of neurotransmitters would not occur effectively. This role of calcium is well-established in the physiological mechanisms of synaptic transmission, highlighting its fundamental importance in the functioning of the nervous system.

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Potassium ions (K⁺)

Chloride ions (Cl⁻)

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