What are peptides in the context of neurotransmitters?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids that play significant roles in various physiological processes, including acting as neurotransmitters. In the context of neurotransmitters, peptides are synthesized and released from neurons, often stored in granules until needed. They can modulate synaptic transmission and have diverse effects on behavior, mood, and bodily functions.

This characteristic of being short chains of amino acids distinguishes them from other classes of biomolecules. Unlike small organic molecules, which may include neurotransmitters like dopamine or serotonin, peptides are specifically made up of linked amino acids. They also differ from long chains of DNA, which are responsible for genetic information and are not typically involved in neurotransmission. Additionally, complex carbohydrates are unrelated to the neurotransmission processes or peptide structure.

Thus, recognizing peptides as short amino acid chains released from granules underscores their unique and critical role in neurobiology and the completion of neurotransmitter functions in the nervous system.