What describes the resting phase of a neuron?

The resting phase of a neuron is best described as the period when the neuron is not transmitting signals. During this phase, the neuron's membrane potential is relatively stable and typically around -70 millivolts, maintained by the action of the sodium-potassium pump and the permeability of the neuron's membrane to different ions. In this state, the neuron is polarized, meaning that there is a difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell.

This resting state is crucial for the neuron to be prepared for the next action potential, allowing it to quickly respond and transmit signals when necessary. When the neuron is in this resting state, it is not involved in any active firing, depolarization, or neurotransmitter release, which are associated with signal transmission and neuronal communication. Therefore, the description that aligns with the resting phase accurately reflects its fundamental nature in neurophysiology.