What is resting potential in neurons?

Resting potential refers to the electrical charge difference across the neuronal membrane when a neuron is not actively transmitting a signal. This difference in voltage is primarily due to the distribution of ions, particularly sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), across the membrane and the selective permeability of the neuronal membrane to these ions.

In a typical neuron at rest, the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside, which is a critical component of how neurons function. The resting potential is usually around -70 mV but can vary between different types of neurons. Maintaining this potential is vital for the propagation of action potentials, as any changes in this resting state can influence neuronal excitability and the ability to conduct impulses.

Understanding resting potential is foundational in neurobiology, as it sets the stage for the dynamics associated with action potentials and neural communication.