What is the primary function of sensory neurons in a reflex arc?

Sensory neurons play a crucial role in the reflex arc by detecting stimuli from the environment and relaying this information to interneurons, which are typically found within the central nervous system. These neurons are specialized to respond to specific types of stimuli, such as light, sound, or touch, and convert these stimuli into electrical signals. Once activated, sensory neurons transmit these signals to interneurons in the spinal cord, which then process the information and can facilitate a rapid response, often without direct involvement of the brain for quick reflex actions. By functioning in this manner, sensory neurons are essential for the initiation of reflexes that protect the body from harm, as they help create a pathway for immediate reactions to potentially damaging stimuli. This highlights their primary role in the reflex arc system, distinguishing them from other components like motor neurons, which transmit signals to muscles, or the connections between brain and spinal cord.