Which event occurs after neurotransmitter binding in the postsynaptic cell?

The correct answer highlights a fundamental aspect of synaptic transmission. When a neurotransmitter binds to its corresponding receptors on the postsynaptic cell, it initiates a cascade of events that lead to a biochemical or electrical response. This response may include changes in membrane potential, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, or modulation of ion channel activity.

This interaction is crucial for the continuation of neuronal signaling. For example, if an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, it may lead to depolarization, eventually triggering an action potential if the threshold is reached. Similarly, inhibitory neurotransmitters may lead to hyperpolarization, effectively dampening neuronal activity.

The other options describe processes that may occur but are not the immediate result of neurotransmitter binding. Reuptake refers to the transport of neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron after they have exerted their effect. Desensitization involves a decrease in receptor sensitivity to neurotransmitters after prolonged exposure. Diffusion relates to the movement of neurotransmitters out of the synaptic cleft, which is part of neurotransmitter clearance but occurs after the binding event has taken place.